Recently the US Supreme Court upheld most of what's come to be known as "Obamacare" - a huge raft of changes to the way health care is regulated here in the United States. Though the legislation has many provisions, the most controversial aspect must be the individual mandate that forces all Americans (and foreign hangers-on, including yours truly) to have health insurance - while at the same time ensuring that those who can't afford to buy their own will receive assistance to do so. Coming from a country where health care is taken for granted, I can only see positives in making sure that everyone can go to the hospital if they are sick and not worry about being turfed out into the street or (more likely) bankrupted by the cost.
Most Americans don't, in fact, buy their own health insurance. Through a strange historical quirk most people receive insurance as a benefit from their employer - not just for themselves but for their families, too.
This all works fine in principle, but there are numerous cracks which people can fall down and end up without coverage. Obviously if you don't work for someone else you either have to pay out of your own pocket or go without which is a very risky proposition. There are also rather grey areas when people change jobs or when grown children leave the nest. The majority of Americans are covered, one way or another, by a patchwork of insurance schemes but the patchwork is straining at the seams and people are dropping into the gaping holes that are opening up.
I should make it clear that the American people are not so heartless that they would see sick people dying in the street next to a hospital. If you come to an emergency room gushing blood you will be treated. But you still have to pay - and if you can't then someone has to make up the difference, generally the taxpayer. The point of the individual mandate, as I understand it, is that everyone should have health insurance even if society has to pay for it - on the assumption that society would have to pay anyway somewhere down the line, when the unpaid medical bills start piling up. In some ways its just a way of nudging costs from one line to another in the national budget.
Unfortunately many Americans do not see it that way. After President Obama guided these changes into law early in his term, opponents challenged their legitimacy in the Supreme Court. Now that the court has ruled in Obama's favour the only option is repeal, and as long as Obama is in the White House that isn't going to happen. So healthcare reform is threatening to become a major theme of this year's election. Not for any reason to do with the care of the sick; as with so many other apparently everyday things in the US this has become a kind of constitutional crisis. But that's a theme for another day.
Tuesday, July 31, 2012
Saturday, June 30, 2012
The pitter-patter of tiny, tiny feet
In one corner of our front garden (which is coming along quite well, thank you) there used to live a very elusive creature. I say "used to" because I'm pretty sure he has moved on, either to the hereafter or to somewhere where I'm not constantly weeding and digging and generally caving in the ceiling of his house. I still take care to wear gloves when I'm doing that though, for reasons that will become obvious.
I first spotted him late last year. I happened to be standing on the front steps admiring the quiet when the quiet was broken by the sound of something scuffling around in the garden bed. On closer examination, and with the help of a book, I discovered that it was a shrew.
It's the little grey blur in the centre of the photo above. Shrews are tiny, fast and look like little moles (which, oddly enough, I still haven't seen in person). They like to nest under things, and this one had a hole leading to a nest which I presume was under our front steps. He would then run along from his home to the conifer at the other end of the flower bed where the pickings were apparently rich for a shrew. Sometimes he would run along a kind of half-open tunnel he had made beside the stones lining the bed. Other times he would run just beneath the surface of the soil in the bed, making a little moving ripple of dirt and leaves like something out of a sci-fi movie.
Shrews are fairly common but not often seen, from what I understand. They stay under the surface of the soil most of the time, and lead very fast-paced and short lives. It was sheer good fortune that I spotted this one and was able to get even one photo of him.
I continued to see him until the late spring, a month or two ago, including a few times when I was working out in the garden. One time he surprised me by poking his head out of his hole as if to ask what the heck was going on. He certainly wasn't timid about challenging me. Which brings me to the gloves. Cute and furry as he is, it turns out that saliva of these shrews is mildly poisonous. Not enough to make you keel over but certainly enough to make it a bad day if you get bitten. That threat, along with all the other unfamiliar creatures I might unexpectedly disturb while planting out my annuals, is quite enough to ensure that I always wear gloves when working outside.
I first spotted him late last year. I happened to be standing on the front steps admiring the quiet when the quiet was broken by the sound of something scuffling around in the garden bed. On closer examination, and with the help of a book, I discovered that it was a shrew.
Shrews are fairly common but not often seen, from what I understand. They stay under the surface of the soil most of the time, and lead very fast-paced and short lives. It was sheer good fortune that I spotted this one and was able to get even one photo of him.
I continued to see him until the late spring, a month or two ago, including a few times when I was working out in the garden. One time he surprised me by poking his head out of his hole as if to ask what the heck was going on. He certainly wasn't timid about challenging me. Which brings me to the gloves. Cute and furry as he is, it turns out that saliva of these shrews is mildly poisonous. Not enough to make you keel over but certainly enough to make it a bad day if you get bitten. That threat, along with all the other unfamiliar creatures I might unexpectedly disturb while planting out my annuals, is quite enough to ensure that I always wear gloves when working outside.
Thursday, May 31, 2012
Bachelor pad
Back in January I posted a picture of a Myrtle the squirrel collecting leaves to pad her winter nest with. As the weather is warming up the squirrels have been moving from their nests inside hollow trees to their summer digs, big leafy affairs high in the canopy. Usually you can't even see these until the autumn when the leaves drop and reveal the locations of the dreys, as they are officially called.
This year, though, it happened that three squirrels decided to build one in a tree behind our house that fortuitously happened to be in direct line of sight from our back door. At least I assume it is fortuitous. Maybe they planned it that way, but from their point of view the back door is in direct line of sight of the drey and they can see whether we've put any nuts out for them just by poking a head out of the nest!
It's still a little hard to see, but the drey is the bundle of green leaves around the fork in the tree near the centre of the picture above. Here's a closer look.
I happened to notice the construction project going on early one Friday morning and as I checked throughout the day I could see at least three different squirrels cutting leaves and bringing them back to stuff inside the nest and pad it out. There is one in the photo above, in fact, off to the left of the nest.
They all seemed to be males, from a group Mrs Walles and I have been calling the interlopers since they only turned up on our patch this year. Mixed-sex nesting is not unknown among squirrels, apparently, but as the spring comes on the females like to have nests to themselves to bring up their young. I suspect that the interlopers, finding themselves homeless, banded together to build themselves a bachelor pad. It's still there, shaded by the trees, no doubt a very pleasant summer home for the crew who built it.
This year, though, it happened that three squirrels decided to build one in a tree behind our house that fortuitously happened to be in direct line of sight from our back door. At least I assume it is fortuitous. Maybe they planned it that way, but from their point of view the back door is in direct line of sight of the drey and they can see whether we've put any nuts out for them just by poking a head out of the nest!
Thursday, April 19, 2012
A taxing time
Yesterday was Tax Day in the United States, the last day for filing taxes. Normally this happens on the 15th of April but as that is a Sunday this year taxpayers are given two days extra to get everything together.
Mrs Walles and I had our taxes done professionally. Unlike New Zealand, everyone has to file a return even if they just work for salary or wages, though for most people it's a one page form and can be done online. That's what Mrs Walles has done before but this year, given that we married and I got my green card and my general unfamiliarity with the tax system we put it in the hands of a pro, which eased things tremendously.
That's because the US tax system is a tad on the complicated side, to say the least. There are seemingly dozens and dozens of deductions and credits and exemptions and such. The deductions are so complicated that most people just take what's called the standard deduction, a catch-all figure computed by the government that saves you having to bother with any details. Even if none of the actual deductions would count in your favour you can still take the standard deduction, which means that many, perhaps most taxpayers get a rebate just for turning up. And then of course there are three different levels of income tax here. The federal government takes the lions share, then the state has a go and finally the local government takes a bit, and each of these entails a separate tax return with slightly different rules.
They seem quite keen on taxes here, in fact. There's a separate tax taken out for social security and Medicare which is supposed to fund superannuation and medical insurance for retired people (but which, we are often told, it isn't enough to cover). Our town also levies a per capita tax of a few dollars a year, apart from the income tax. Then there are property taxes and state sales tax, and the town charges separately for services it provides, like water and sewerage. For some of these you can find New Zealand equivalents in ACC levies, GST and rates, but not all. "No taxation without representation" was a rallying cry of the American Revolution, and it seems that once Americans got their representation they went to town with the taxation. It's not that the taxation is very burdensome, its roughly the same as in New Zealand and no doubt most of the industrialised world. It's just that it manifests itself as a lot of little nibbles rather than the few big gulps I'm used to.
On the plus side, though, married couples in the US can pool their income for tax purposes, resulting in a tax break, something that's impossible in New Zealand. With such an incentive it's hardly a surprise that long engagements are the exception rather than the rule!
Mrs Walles and I had our taxes done professionally. Unlike New Zealand, everyone has to file a return even if they just work for salary or wages, though for most people it's a one page form and can be done online. That's what Mrs Walles has done before but this year, given that we married and I got my green card and my general unfamiliarity with the tax system we put it in the hands of a pro, which eased things tremendously.
That's because the US tax system is a tad on the complicated side, to say the least. There are seemingly dozens and dozens of deductions and credits and exemptions and such. The deductions are so complicated that most people just take what's called the standard deduction, a catch-all figure computed by the government that saves you having to bother with any details. Even if none of the actual deductions would count in your favour you can still take the standard deduction, which means that many, perhaps most taxpayers get a rebate just for turning up. And then of course there are three different levels of income tax here. The federal government takes the lions share, then the state has a go and finally the local government takes a bit, and each of these entails a separate tax return with slightly different rules.
They seem quite keen on taxes here, in fact. There's a separate tax taken out for social security and Medicare which is supposed to fund superannuation and medical insurance for retired people (but which, we are often told, it isn't enough to cover). Our town also levies a per capita tax of a few dollars a year, apart from the income tax. Then there are property taxes and state sales tax, and the town charges separately for services it provides, like water and sewerage. For some of these you can find New Zealand equivalents in ACC levies, GST and rates, but not all. "No taxation without representation" was a rallying cry of the American Revolution, and it seems that once Americans got their representation they went to town with the taxation. It's not that the taxation is very burdensome, its roughly the same as in New Zealand and no doubt most of the industrialised world. It's just that it manifests itself as a lot of little nibbles rather than the few big gulps I'm used to.
On the plus side, though, married couples in the US can pool their income for tax purposes, resulting in a tax break, something that's impossible in New Zealand. With such an incentive it's hardly a surprise that long engagements are the exception rather than the rule!
Thursday, March 29, 2012
Great Horned Owl
Spring has come very early for most of the United States this year, so Mrs Walles and I have turned the heating off. This is one of my favourite times of the year because we can open the doors and windows and let the fresh air in, instead of staying cocooned inside with either the air conditioning or the heat running (essential though they may be for comfort in summer and winter).
Last week was particularly warm with summery temperatures that lasted through the night and so we had our door open late in the evening, and one night during a break in the noise from the television we noticed an unusual sound coming from outside. Mrs Walles, who is of course more familiar with such things, soon identified it as an owl.
Now I am aware that New Zealand is not without owls, like the morepork or the world-conquering barn owl (which is also found here in Pennsylvania). But they have nothing on what we were listening to (you can hear a recording I made here), as I discovered when I flicked through my field guide.
This was the call of the Great Horned Owl, a nocturnal bird of prey that grows half a metre high. It eats cats - not exclusively, of course, but it gives you an idea of what we're dealing with. It's not the kind of thing you'd want to run into on a dark night (which is of course exactly when you would run into it) and it knows it, too, judging by the expression of disdain it wears in all the photos I've seen.
This hooting normally ends by Christmas so we were quite fortunate to hear the call, or rather calls because what we heard was a duet. One owl was not far from our house and another was responding from some distance away, and the call is used to establish territory...perhaps our two late callers had been encroaching on each other's turf and were trying to sort things out. We were doubly lucky to hear it, really, since normally the double-glazed doors and windows would all be shut and we'd be oblivious. I realise now that they probably hoot all through the night in November and I've just never heard it because the double glazing muffles most sound and the constant buzz of heating systems drowns out the rest.
Anyway, I'm very glad to have heard an owl at last. Don't expect me to go out trying to get any pictures myself, though. I'd worry that a particularly ambitious one would swoop in for the kill, and I'd return either missing a scalp or with a surplus owl attached to my head. No, owl hunting is for the birds, if you ask me.
Last week was particularly warm with summery temperatures that lasted through the night and so we had our door open late in the evening, and one night during a break in the noise from the television we noticed an unusual sound coming from outside. Mrs Walles, who is of course more familiar with such things, soon identified it as an owl.
Now I am aware that New Zealand is not without owls, like the morepork or the world-conquering barn owl (which is also found here in Pennsylvania). But they have nothing on what we were listening to (you can hear a recording I made here), as I discovered when I flicked through my field guide.
This was the call of the Great Horned Owl, a nocturnal bird of prey that grows half a metre high. It eats cats - not exclusively, of course, but it gives you an idea of what we're dealing with. It's not the kind of thing you'd want to run into on a dark night (which is of course exactly when you would run into it) and it knows it, too, judging by the expression of disdain it wears in all the photos I've seen.
This hooting normally ends by Christmas so we were quite fortunate to hear the call, or rather calls because what we heard was a duet. One owl was not far from our house and another was responding from some distance away, and the call is used to establish territory...perhaps our two late callers had been encroaching on each other's turf and were trying to sort things out. We were doubly lucky to hear it, really, since normally the double-glazed doors and windows would all be shut and we'd be oblivious. I realise now that they probably hoot all through the night in November and I've just never heard it because the double glazing muffles most sound and the constant buzz of heating systems drowns out the rest.
Anyway, I'm very glad to have heard an owl at last. Don't expect me to go out trying to get any pictures myself, though. I'd worry that a particularly ambitious one would swoop in for the kill, and I'd return either missing a scalp or with a surplus owl attached to my head. No, owl hunting is for the birds, if you ask me.
Tuesday, March 6, 2012
A post post
Last time I was complaining that sometimes the post office is closed unexpectedly because of some federal holiday or other that Mrs Walles and I do not mark (not that we wouldn't be keen to mark said holidays, of course, its just that not everyone gets them off).
Now I'm going to balance things out by extolling the virtues of something that all Americans take for granted, but that to me is like magic. In America if you put outgoing mail in your mailbox, the mail man will take it away for you, with no fuss. You can have all your gilt bathrooms and antique ivory back scratchers: as far as I'm concerned this is the epitome of luxury.
I was vaguely aware of this before I came here. Movies had taught me that in the US mailboxes had a little red flag on the side that had something to do with sending mail. As a child I was deprived in the mailbox department because we had a post office box instead. But things have changed. Now I have one of those fancy American mail boxes (approved by the Postmaster General himself, no less!) complete with the little red flag. Mrs Walles and I spruced ours up last year with a fresh coat of paint. I was going to put up a photo but when I found this almost identical one on Wikipedia I decided I could save myself the trouble.
Ironically the red flag isn't necessary. You just put the mail you want to send inside in the morning and later that day you find it gone, typically replaced with screeds of glossy catalogues and fliers and the occasional bill. Every time I do it I'm tempted to put the little flag up, just to get into the spirit of the thing, but then I think twice and realise that the flag would be a signal not just to the mail man but also to any nefarious characters who wonder if any of our correspondence is worth pilfering.
At least it's still there, though, the cherry little flag, just like in the movies. Even if its duties are only ceremonial, it is nice reminder of where I am (well, that and the enormous flag the neighbours have over their door). And flag or no flag I can still send mail without setting foot off the property. Can you?
Now I'm going to balance things out by extolling the virtues of something that all Americans take for granted, but that to me is like magic. In America if you put outgoing mail in your mailbox, the mail man will take it away for you, with no fuss. You can have all your gilt bathrooms and antique ivory back scratchers: as far as I'm concerned this is the epitome of luxury.
I was vaguely aware of this before I came here. Movies had taught me that in the US mailboxes had a little red flag on the side that had something to do with sending mail. As a child I was deprived in the mailbox department because we had a post office box instead. But things have changed. Now I have one of those fancy American mail boxes (approved by the Postmaster General himself, no less!) complete with the little red flag. Mrs Walles and I spruced ours up last year with a fresh coat of paint. I was going to put up a photo but when I found this almost identical one on Wikipedia I decided I could save myself the trouble.
Ironically the red flag isn't necessary. You just put the mail you want to send inside in the morning and later that day you find it gone, typically replaced with screeds of glossy catalogues and fliers and the occasional bill. Every time I do it I'm tempted to put the little flag up, just to get into the spirit of the thing, but then I think twice and realise that the flag would be a signal not just to the mail man but also to any nefarious characters who wonder if any of our correspondence is worth pilfering.
At least it's still there, though, the cherry little flag, just like in the movies. Even if its duties are only ceremonial, it is nice reminder of where I am (well, that and the enormous flag the neighbours have over their door). And flag or no flag I can still send mail without setting foot off the property. Can you?
Tuesday, February 21, 2012
Presidents Day
Yesterday was Presidents Day in the United States, a federal holiday intended to celebrate all the presidents of this proud republic - or so I thought until I went away to check where the apostrophe goes in "Presidents Day" and discovered that not only is there no agreement on the inclusion or placement of the apostrophe, but that it isn't even the official name of the holiday. According to the relevant federal law the holiday celebrates the birthday of George Washington, and although a number of states have it on their books as Presidents Day (with varying punctuation and ambiguous meaning) it is only convention that establishes the name nationwide.
This is just one of the perplexing things about American holidays. In New Zealand the the public holidays are, if not exactly mandatory, then delivered with a strong hint from the labour laws that everyone gets the day off. Here there are a number of federal holidays - but those are technically only holidays for federal government workers. The individual states declare their own state holidays, many of which coincide with the federal ones, but again these only technically apply to state government workers. By convention at least some of those holidays are also taken by workers in the private sector, though your mileage may vary. Mrs Walles, for one, did not get the day off yesterday.
There are a few holidays, like Independence Day and Thanksgiving that seem sacrosanct, but the rest often fall by the wayside. There's little motivation to mark a holiday which isn't really a holiday, so you forget and treat it like just another day. Which is all well and good until you go down to the post office with that urgent parcel...
This is just one of the perplexing things about American holidays. In New Zealand the the public holidays are, if not exactly mandatory, then delivered with a strong hint from the labour laws that everyone gets the day off. Here there are a number of federal holidays - but those are technically only holidays for federal government workers. The individual states declare their own state holidays, many of which coincide with the federal ones, but again these only technically apply to state government workers. By convention at least some of those holidays are also taken by workers in the private sector, though your mileage may vary. Mrs Walles, for one, did not get the day off yesterday.
There are a few holidays, like Independence Day and Thanksgiving that seem sacrosanct, but the rest often fall by the wayside. There's little motivation to mark a holiday which isn't really a holiday, so you forget and treat it like just another day. Which is all well and good until you go down to the post office with that urgent parcel...
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